15 Silk Road Cities in China: Silk Road Destinations From Xi’an to Kashgar

No.1 Xi'an - Starting Point of Ancient Silk Road

"Jade ladies beckoning with bare hands, guests drunk with golden goblets" — this line from an ancient Chinese poem vividly captures the splendor of Xi'an as the starting point of the Silk Road. Back in the 7th and 8th centuries, foreign merchants flocked to Xi'an, making it the world's biggest cosmopolitan city of its time.

Known historically as Chang'an, Xi'an was undeniably the origin point of the ancient Silk Road. Emperors of the Han dynasty issued diplomatic orders here and successfully opened the Hexi Corridor, setting the stage for this legendary trade route.

Today, you can still trace the Silk Road's footprints throughout Xi'an, wandering its ancient streets and relics. The old city wall once welcomed traders from afar. The bustling lanes of the Muslim Quarter, where the Great Mosque seamlessly blends Islamic and Chinese architectural styles, offer a tangible sense of the Silk Road's multicultural exchanges. The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda stands as a monument to the scholar-monk Xuanzang, host to precious Buddhist scriptures brought over the Silk Road, while its smaller counterpart houses many ancient texts.

Spending 3-4 days in Xi'an lets you soak in its rich historical essence. Don't miss a trip to the Shaanxi History Museum to uncover artifacts from along the Silk Road, or a bike ride atop the ancient city walls for stunning views and a pulse of history. And definitely dive into the blended culinary delights and culture in the Muslim Quarter. It's a feast for the senses and a journey through time!

No.2: Luoyang - A Silk Road Sanctuary

Luoyang, once the capital for several Chinese dynasties, is deeply connected to the Silk Road's history. It possibly even originated from here during periods such as the Eastern Han and Northern Wei. The city offers a deep dive into the ancient trade route's past.

A must-visit is the Longmen Grottoes, where thousands of Buddha statues carved into cliffs during the Silk Road's peak showcase the spiritual and artistic exchanges of that era. The Luoyang Museum further explores this legacy with artifacts that narrate stories of ancient trade and cultural integration. Strolling through the historic market streets of Kashgar Old Town, you can imagine the bustling scene of camel caravans laden with silk and spices.

With just 1-2 days in Luoyang, soak in its serene beauty and rich history. Don't skip a leisurely walk in the Peony Garden, where the blooms vividly capture the spirit of Luoyang as a cultural centerpiece of the Silk Road.

No.3: Tianshui - Where the Silk Road Flows

Tianshui, with its lush landscapes and flowing waters, marks another enchanting chapter in the Silk Road saga. Nestled in Gansu Province, this city is where history and legend intertwine, serving as a crucial junction for traders and pilgrims alike.

A standout attraction here is the Maijishan Grottoes, a stunning series of caves carved into the side of a hill, decorated with vibrant Buddhist sculptures and murals. These artistic treasures provide a vivid peek into the cultural exchange that thrived along the Silk Road, influenced heavily by both Indian and local Chinese styles.

Don't miss the Fuxi Temple, dedicated to one of ancient China's legendary rulers, which reflects Tianshui's deep historical roots and its role in bridging the eastern and western parts of the empire. Walking through its ancient streets, you can almost hear the whispers of traders bartering silk for spices and stories.

No.4 Lanzhou - The First Major City of the Silk Road in the Hexi Corridor

Lanzhou, wrapped by the Yellow River, sits at the eastern end of the Hexi Corridor, marking the first major city on the ancient Silk Road as it enters this critical passage. It's a key hub on the eastern segment of the Silk Road, serving as a gateway to western regions, especially cities like Zhangye and Dunhuang. Historical figures like Zhang Qian, Xuanzang, and Marco Polo have all passed through this golden city.

The Gansu Provincial Museum is at the heart of Lanzhou's connection to the Silk Road. Here, you can explore hundreds of artifacts, from delicate silk fabrics to exquisite bronzeware that traders exchanged across continents. It's the perfect spot to dive into the stories of historical figures like the explorer Zhang Qian, whose journeys expanded the Silk Road and enriched Lanzhou's role in international trade.

Don't just breeze through; take time to explore the iconic Zhongshan Bridge, once known as the "First Bridge over the Yellow River," which has served countless merchants and adventurers. Climb up to White Pagoda Hill and enjoy a panoramic view of Lanzhou from the riverbanks.

No.5 Wuwei - Where History and Legends Collide on the Silk Road

Right at the eastern entrance of the Hexi Corridor, Wuwei has seen it all, from bustling trade to poetic musings, making it a living tapestry of the past.

Did you know that the renowned Buddhist monk, Kumarajiva, was imprisoned in Wuwei for 17 years? It was here that he translated 384 volumes of Buddhist scriptures, coining terms like "烦恼" (fánnǎo, meaning "trouble" or "worry") and "爱河" (ài hé, meaning "sea of love"), which are now staples in the Chinese language.

Wuwei also hosted big-time historical meetings, like the one where Tibetan and Mongol leaders formed alliances right here in Wuwei.

If you're dropping by, spend a couple of days to really get into Wuwei's Silk Road spirit. Check out the ancient Tiantishan Grottoes, some of the earliest Buddhist caves in China. Swing by the Wuwei Museum to see a treasure trove of items from Silk Road days, like artifacts from the Han and Tang dynasties. And you can't miss the Leitai Tomb of Han Dynasty, where the famous "Flying Horse of Gansu" was discovered—it's pretty much a symbol of Chinese tourism. And if you're into Confucianism, the local Confucian Temple is one of China's big three and totally worth a visit.

No.6 Zhangye - Where Rainbown Mountain Located

Zhangye is perfectly placed in the middle of the Hexi Corridor, one of the first cities to pop up on the Silk Road after explorer Zhang Qian's successful missions. Its strategic spot made it a bustling center, attracting merchants, travelers, and pilgrims from everywhere.

Zhangye really hits the sweet spot on the Silk Road, blending culture, history, and nature. The famous Mati Temple, with its stunning Buddhist art, shows just how deeply Buddhism took root here, brought over by ancient Silk Road travelers. Not far away, the Giant Buddha Temple features one of Asia's largest reclining Buddhas, highlighting the rich spiritual life that thrived in this city.

But the true star of the show is the Zhangye Danxia National Geopark. Known for its striking colors—reds, yellows, and oranges—this park is a dazzling example of natural forces at work. Hiking through these surreal landscapes is an experience you won't forget, offering a perfect glimpse of nature's incredible artistry.

No.7 Jiayuguan - Gateway to the Gobi

When you stand in front of the imposing Jiayuguan Fort, known historically as the "First and Greatest Pass under Heaven," it's almost instinctive to take a deep breath. This majestic fortress, perched on the edge of ancient Chinese civilization, marked the last frontier of the Han Empire and served as a crucial checkpoint for caravans navigating the vast Gobi Desert.

Jiayuguan is a standout on the Silk Road and a key piece of the Great Wall's westernmost outpost. Today, visitors can explore this rich historical site by strolling along the well-preserved walls, climbing up the watchtowers, and venturing through the underground tunnels. Make sure to explore the Overhanging Great Wall, "Suspended Great Wall," a lesser-known extension that offers breathtaking views across the landscape once patrolled by ancient soldiers.

No.8 Dunhuang - Famous for the Breathtaking Mogao Caves

Dunhuang, located at the western end of the Hexi Corridor, marks the point where the ancient Silk Road split into northern and southern routes. This strategic spot became a melting pot of Eastern and Western cultures and ideas. Yumenguan and Yangguan, one of the earliest "customs points" on the Silk Road, served as critical gateways to the West. Stepping into Dunhuang, you can almost feel the presence of ancient traders passing through these iconic landmarks.

The crown jewel of Dunhuang is undoubtedly the Mogao Caves, often hailed as the "Louvre of the East" and a UNESCO World Heritage site. These caves are a treasure trove of thousands of exquisite murals and statues that offer a glimpse into ancient Buddhist art. As you wander from cave to cave, each adorned with stories and legends, the tales of the Silk Road—its characters and myths—are vividly brought to life on the walls.

Not to be overlooked are the natural wonders of the area - Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Lake. Here, the sand sings beneath your feet, and the crescent-shaped oasis stands in stark contrast to the surrounding arid desert, showcasing nature's magic in this mystical region.

No.9 Xining - A Silk Road Adventure Through the Tibetan Plateau

Xining isn't just a city in Qinghai; it's a pivotal chapter in the Silk Road saga that winds through the Tibetan Plateau. This city was a crucial junction on a Silk Road branch that opened up a world of trade possibilities across the high altitudes, linking traders and cultures from distant lands.

As the heart of the Silk Road in Qinghai, Xining's route stretches from the city through the stunning Qinghai Lake and across the vast Qaidam Basin, connecting to Gansu, Xinjiang, and Sichuan.

Legend has it that the explorer Zhang Qian himself traversed this highland route, paving the way for future caravans. Today, Xining offers a rich tapestry of sites that demand at least 3-4 days to truly appreciate.

Don't miss the stunning Kumbum Monastery, a center of Tibetan Buddhism, and the sprawling Qinghai Lake, China's largest saltwater lake. Explore the Dongguan Mosque, a testament to Xining's cultural diversity

No.10 Turpan - A Silk Road Oasis in the Heart of the Desert

Turpan is an essential stop on the Silk Road, where ancient traders sought refuge in its lush vineyards and cool karez water systems amidst the fiery desert. Turpan's deep connection with the Silk Road is also reflected in its bustling bazaars where spices and silk once changed hands.

Dive into history at the ancient city ruins of Jiaohe and Gaochang, where the stories of Silk Road merchants and Buddhist monks come alive. Don't miss the Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves, which boast some of the most vibrant Buddhist murals that have witnessed the ebb and flow of religious and cultural tides.

Turpan's summers are hot, hot, hot! The Flaming Mountains truly live up to their name with their stunning red glow. Adventure lovers can have a blast in the vast Kumtag Desert, perfect for some fun in the sand. Don't skip Grape Valley—this lush spot is a sweet haven where you can munch on delicious, juicy grapes. Plus, check out the karez systems. These ancient underground tunnels are a cool way to see how people have been getting water in the desert for ages. Turpan is a mix of wild nature and clever old-time engineering!

No.11 Urumqi - A Gateway to the Silk Road's Past and Present

Urumqi truly is the crossroads of the Silk Road, both historically and in modern times. Urumqi connecting the dots to other Silk Road stunners like Turpan, Hotan, and the mystical cities of Kashgar. Plus, it's super connected, with flights zipping to and from major cities across China like Beijing and Shanghai.

Make sure to hit up the Xinjiang Regional Museum. It's like a treasure chest, overflowing with cool relics and stories that bring the Silk Road's epic history to life. And you can't miss the Xinjiang International Grand Bazaar – it's a festival of sights, sounds, and smells that will teleport you back in time.

Need a nature fix? Heavenly Lake is just a hop away, nestled in the stunning Tian Shan mountains—a perfect photo op and a breath of fresh air!

You've got 1-2 days? Perfect. That's just enough time to dive into Urumqi's vibrant culture, get a taste of its bustling markets, and soak in some unreal natural beauty.

No.12 Hotan - City on the Southern Silk Road Renowned for Jade

The southern route of the Silk Road skirts the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, heading into a city renowned for its jade. Merchants have long been thrilled by the precious jade found here, and even before the Silk Road was established, ancient routes to the Middle East from this area were known as the Jade Road.

In Hotan, you can see influences from many countries, from China to India and Iran, reflected in everything from the music and opera to the paintings and architecture. Don't miss the Hotan Museum, where you can get up close with artifacts that tell the grand story of this city's illustrious past. The local bazaar is also a must-visit; it's brimming with the energy of vendors selling everything from carpets to the famous Hotan jade.

Be sure to explore the surroundings of Hotan, including the ruins of Niya, the most famous and mysterious site in the area, active from the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD, featured a complex of homes, temples, and farms. The site has revealed a wealth of diverse artifacts, including rare textiles.

No.13 Kashgar - Westernmost City on the Silk Road in China

Kashgar, the westernmost city in China, is basically where the Silk Road meets China. For many travelers from the Middle East, this is their gateway into the country. This ancient city is where countless Silk Road stories began! As the crossroads of the southern and middle routes of the ancient Silk Road, Kashgar has seen it all.

The best place to feel the Silk Road vibe is the Old City of Kashgar, the world's largest earthen building complex. Imagine, all those centuries ago, traders from far and wide were haggling over silks, spices, and more, right here!

Speaking of markets, you can't miss the Kashgar Bazaar, Asia's largest. Whether it's the vibrant Sunday Market or the myriad of other bazaars, each offers a dizzying array of goods from spices to silk—perfect for a taste of local life and a little bargaining.

Don't forget to visit the Id Kah Mosque, the largest mosque in China, where the spiritual heritage of Kashgar's Muslim community is palpable.

No.14 Tashkurgan - The Pamir Highway Adventure

Tashkurgan, also known as "Stone City," gets its name from the ancient stone fortresses just north of the town. Nestled in the heart of the Pamir Mountains and about 300 kilometers southwest of Kashgar, this old town is a crucial stop on the southern Silk Road, serving as a key route to Central Asia, Afghanistan, and India. Historical figures like Zhang Qian and Xuanzang once traveled these paths, which is pretty mind-blowing to think about.

Moreover, the drive from Kashgar to Tashkurgan is one of the most spectacular road trips in China, featuring stunning lakes, grasslands, glaciers, and snow-capped mountains along the way.

Tashkurgan is steeped in Silk Road history. The old town is a labyrinth of mud-brick houses and narrow alleys, making it easy to imagine what life was like centuries ago. Be sure to check out the Tashkurgan Fort and the ancient Stone City. If you're up for an adventure, consider hiking to Karakul Lake. The lake's emerald waters set against the dramatic backdrop of the mountains are unforgettable.

No.15 Quanzhou - A Maritime Marvel on the Silk Road

Quanzhou: a city where the Silk Road meets the sea! This vibrant port city on China's southeastern coast was once among the busiest in the world, welcoming traders from across Asia, the Middle East, and beyond. Its rich maritime heritage makes it a crucial chapter in the story of the Silk Road.

Dive into Quanzhou's storied past by visiting the Maritime Museum, which showcases the city's days as a global trading hub with ancient ships and navigational tools that map out centuries of seafaring lore. Don't miss the Kaiyuan Temple, with its impressive twin pagodas, a beacon for merchants and monks alike who brought with them a melting pot of cultures and religions.

Give yourself a day or two in Quanzhou to really soak up the atmosphere of a city that was once the world's window to China.

Which Cities of Silk Road to Start Your China Silk Road Tour?

China's Silk Road spans over 10 major cities from Xi'an and Luoyang to Gansu and Xinjiang, crossing 3-5 provinces. This means you can start your Silk Road tour in China from any of these cities. Generally, Xi'an, Lanzhou, Dunhuang, and Kashgar are the most popular starting points due to their better transportation links.

From Xi'an - Most Recommended

Xi'an is the top choice for most travelers. It's well-connected to big cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu. More importantly, as the traditional starting point, Xi'an offers a complete journey back in time. Known for the Terracotta Army and ancient city walls, here you can dive deep into China's imperial history and get a real feel for the Silk Road's historical significance. Strolling through the Muslim Quarter, you can see the cultural blend that has defined this route for centuries.

From Lanzhou - Gateway to the Hexi Corridor

Lanzhou is also a hot favorite, especially for those planning to explore just the Hexi Corridor segment of the Silk Road. Starting here, you can travel through key locations like Zhangye, Jiayuguan to Dunhuang, visiting highlights such as the Zhangye National Geopark, Mogao Caves, and Jiayuguan Fort.

From Dunhuang - Exploring East or West

Dunhuang serves as another starting point on the Hexi Corridor. From here, you can either head east to cities like Turpan, Urumqi, and Kashgar in Xinjiang, tracing the routes ancient merchants took as they left China.

From Kashgar - From the West into China

For visitors coming from West and Central Asia, Kashgar is an ideal starting point. From here, you can head towards Gansu and Xi'an in China. Many Buddhist monks traveled this route in ancient times to spread their teachings in China.

How to Plan a China Silk Road Tour

Planning a tour along the historic Silk Road in China offers a captivating journey through time, bridging ancient history with the vibrant diversity of today. Whether you have a few days or a couple of weeks, there are various itineraries to suit your schedule and interests.

Short Stay: 4-5 Days

For those with limited time, a 4-5 day tour focusing on 1-2 key Silk Road cities is ideal. A popular choice is Xi'an and Dunhuang, which showcase the rich history and cultural significance of the Silk Road. Alternatively, exploring Dunhuang and Zhangye offers a combination of ancient sites and stunning natural landscapes.

Week-Long Adventure: 7-8 Days

With a week to spare, delve deeper into the regions of Gansu, Qinghai, or a combined Gansu-Xinjiang route. Each offers unique highlights:

• Gansu Silk Road: Travel from Lanzhou to Dunhuang, visiting landmarks like Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park and the Mogao Caves.
• Qinghai Silk Road: Embark on a scenic journey from Xining through Qinghai Lake to Dunhuang, exploring less-traveled paths and breathtaking landscapes.
• Gansu and Xinjiang Silk Road: Experience a blend of cultural heritage and dramatic scenery from Dunhuang to Urumqi, ending in the historical city of Kashgar.

Classic Route: 10-12 Days

For an extended exploration, the 10-12 day itinerary from Xi'an to Kashgar is perfect, taking you through significant Silk Road cities and offering a comprehensive understanding of this ancient trade route's impact.

Deep Exploration: 13-15 Days

If you have up to two weeks, consider a thorough exploration that not only covers the main Silk Road cities but also extends to other parts of China like Beijing, Shanghai, or even Tibet, enriching your experience of China's diverse cultures and landscapes.

Here is the China Silk Road Itinerary you can refer to:

Day 1: Arrival in Xi'an

Day 2: Xi'an Highlights - Visit the Terracotta Warriors, the Bell Tower, and stroll through the Muslim Quarter.

Day 3: Cultural Exploration in Xi'an - Explore the Ancient City Wall, visit a local family, see the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and enjoy the nightlife at Tang Paradise.

Day 4: Xi'an to Dunhuang - Fly to Dunhuang; visit the Singing Sand Dunes and Crescent Lake.

Day 5: Dunhuang Tour - Explore the Mogao Caves, a World Heritage site; travel by high-speed train to Turpan.

Day 6: Discover Turpan - Visit the Jiaohe Ancient City ruins, the Karez irrigation system, and Emin Minaret; drive to Urumqi.

Day 7: Day Trip from Urumqi - Visit Heavenly Lake and return to Urumqi, meals included.

Day 8: Urumqi to Kashgar - Fly to Kashgar; explore the Old Town including the Id Kah Mosque and an ancient tea house; visit the livestock market if it's Sunday.

Day 9: Kashgar Outing - Travel to Karakul Lake via the Pamir Plateau, visit White Sand Lake and Karakul Lake, return to Kashgar.

Day 10: Departure from Kashgar