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Xi'an Food Culture: Silk Road Fusion with Halal & Vegan Options
During the Tang Dynasty (唐朝), when Xi'an served as the capital, the city experienced a period of great prosperity. This era of flourishing trade brought spices, cooking techniques, and ingredients from distant lands, enriching the local culinary traditions and laying the foundation for Xi'an's cuisine.
Xi'an's significant Muslim population, particularly the Hui people, has also had a lasting impact on Xi'an's food culture. Islamic dietary laws led to the prominence of Xi'an halal food, with lamb and beef taking center stage. The use of spices like cumin and coriander adds a Middle Eastern flair to many dishes, especially in the vibrant Muslim Quarter.
The Xi'an food is hearty and filling, reflecting the needs of travelers and laborers throughout history. It is also worth mentioning that you can always ask for a vegan option for most of the Xi'an cuisine as well.
| Category | Dish | Main Ingredients | Taste |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hearty Mains | Biangbiang Noodles | Hand-pulled noodles, garlic, chili oil | Savory, spicy, garlicky |
| Liangpi | Cold noodles, sesame paste, cucumber | Spicy, tangy, nutty | |
| Yangrou Paomo | Flatbread, lamb, broth | Rich, hearty, savory | |
| Street Food | Roujiamo | Flatbread, braised pork or beef | Crispy, juicy |
| Hulatang | Beef or lamb, black pepper, chili | Peppery, thick, bold | |
| Sweets & Desserts | Zeng Gao | Glutinous rice, red beans, dates | Sweet, chewy |
| Youcha Mahua | Fried dough twists, roasted flour soup | Nutty, crunchy | |
| Meat | Hulu Ji | Chicken, spices, ginger | Crispy, juicy, aromatic |
| Kao Rou Chuan | Lamb or beef, cumin, chili | Savory, slightly fatty | |
| Cultural Specialty | Tang GeWu He Jiaozi Yan | Various dumplings, fillings (meat, vegetables) | Varied flavors, depending on fillings |
| Themed Desserts | Various, Xi'an Attraction Themed | Sweet in general |
Note: Many Xi'an dishes are Halal. If you have specific dietary needs, such as Halal, Vegan, or Gluten-Free, Xi'an has something to offer everyone.
Due to the language barrier, be sure to check with your travel guide. Contact your travel expert at Asia Odyssey Travel to plan your Xi'an culinary adventure!
1. Biangbiang Noodles: Most Known, Impossible to Write Its Name
Biangbiang noodles, a quintessential dish of Xi'an cuisine, and it's on top of the list for anyone looking fo what to eat in Xi'an.
Biangbiang Noodles have gained worldwide fame for their unique appearance and bold flavor. The name, Biang Biang Noodles itself, is a tongue twister, with characters that are so complex, they're often said to be impossible to write in a single stroke.
These wide, hand-pulled noodles are thick, chewy, and often compared to the belt-like pappardelle in Italian cuisine due to their size and texture. But it's the sauce that truly makes them special. Typically, biangbiang noodles are served with a savory garlic-vinegar-soy sauce mixture, topped with chopped vegetables, beef, or lamb. A generous drizzle of sizzling chili oil is poured on top when served.
The taste? Bold, spicy, and tangy, with a deep umami flavor that lingers. The heat from the chili oil combined with the chewy noodles creates a comforting, hearty dish that packs a punch.
Xi'an Foodie Tips:
But worries not, this Xi'an Cuisine, or Xi'an Cuisine in general is not known for the strong spicy flavor. And you can always ask for less spicy option, which would be equally good.
2. Roujiamo: Chinese Burger, Crispy & Juicy, Must-Try Cuisine in Xi'an
Roujiamo(肉夹馍), often called the “Chinese hamburger,” is a street food favorite ranked high among Xi'an cuisine.
Its fame comes from its simple yet delicious combination of flavors.The tender, slow-cooked meat (usually pork or beef) seasoned with spices, stuffed into a crispy, flaky flatbread. Each bite delivers a satisfying contrast between the crunchy exterior and the juicy, flavorful meat inside.
The taste is rich and savory, with a hint of cumin, soy sauce, and sometimes chili, depending on the recipe. It's often compared to a Western pulled pork sandwich, but with a more complex spice profile. The bread, known as baijimo(白吉馍), is denser and more rustic than a traditional burger bun, adding a satisfying crunch.
Xi'an Foodie Tips:
Roujiamo is not to be enjoyed alone. It's often paired with Noodle Soup or Liangpi, another Xi'an Cuisine we'll discuss later.
Eat it quickly, but be careful not to burn yourself. Once the juicy stuffing soaks through the bun, you might miss the crispy texture of the flatbread.
3. Yangroupaomo: Mutton Broth & Flatbread, Xi'an Iconic Cuisine
Yangrou paomo, a comforting and flavorful dish from Xi'an Cuisine, is a must-try for any food lover. This hearty soup features soft, torn-up pieces of steamed bread (泡馍) that are simmered in a rich mutton or lamb broth.
The meat is typically slow-cooked until it's incredibly tender and falls off the bone. The steamed bread is soaked in the broth, absorbing the flavors and adding a chewy texture. The broth itself is a flavorful blend of spices, often including cumin, chili pepper, and coriander.
Yangrou paomo offers a satisfying and warming meal, with a balance of savory and spicy flavors. Some might compare it to a lamb stew or soup bread bowl in Western cuisine, but Yangrou Paomo has its own unique character thanks to the bold Chinese spices and the tradition of tearing the bread by hand.
Xi'an Foodie Tips:
Traditionally, you would need to tear the bread into pieces yourself. This is the most authentic way to enjoy this Xi'an Cuisine. However, many eateries now offer pre-torn bread for convenience.
Be sure to try the pickled garlic (糖蒜). The garlic is pickled with vinegar and sugar, resulting in a sweet and soothing sour taste. It's the perfect complement to the hearty and somewhat oily Yangroupaomo, just like sauerkraut with German pork knuckle.
4. Liangpi: Cold Noodle with Complex Flavors of Xi'an
Liangpi(凉皮), a cold noodle dish famous in Xi'an, is a refreshing and flavorful street food that's perfect for beating the summer heat.
This Xi'an Cuisine is made from wheat or rice flour, with the noodles served cold and topped with a tangy sauce of vinegar, garlic, sesame paste, and chili oil. Often, cucumber slices and bean sprouts are added for a satisfying crunch, making it a light but flavorful treat.
The taste is a perfect balance of spicy, sour, and savory, with a hint of nuttiness from the sesame paste or fried peanuts. It's a dish that packs a lot of flavor without being too heavy, ideal for a quick snack or a light meal.
Xi'an Foodie Tips:
The sesame paste or fried peanuts of this Xi'an Cuisine are a genius move to balance the spiciness. Still, do ask vendors to tone down the chilli oil if you would like to tread carefully.
Pair it with some grilled lamb skewers or a Roujiamo for a tasty Xi'an street food combo!
5. Dumplings Banquet: Feast Like You Are in Tang Dynasty
While Dumplings are not exclusively a Xi'an Dish we would still love to introduce dumplings as a must try in Xi'an. Rather than what to eat in Xi'an, the dumplings are more like a what to do in Xi'an because Xi'an Dumpling Banquet is the way to feast like Royals in Tang Dynasty!
Introducing Tang GeWu He JiaoZi Yan(大唐饺子宴) - This unique experience combines two of Xi'an's most iconic attractions—delicious dumplings and a dazzling performance that brings the splendor of the Tang Dynasty to life.
The evening starts with a dumpling banquet featuring a wide variety of flavors, shapes, and fillings. And they do offer other Xi'an cuisine options as well. Here you'll get to sample dozens of different kinds, from savory meats to sweet surprises, each beautifully crafted. It's a feast that showcases the artistry and diversity of Xi'an cuisine.
You'll be treated to an extraordinary Tang Dynasty performance featuring music, dance, and costumes that transport you back to the golden age of China.
The dancers, dressed in elaborate traditional clothing, reenact the grandeur of court life, with elegant choreography, vibrant sets, and live music that tells the stories of this ancient capital.
Xi'an Foodie Tips:
Make sure to book tickets in advance as this is a popular event, especially during peak travel seasons. There are other venues offering Xi'an Cuisine & Tang Dynasty style performances in Xi'an.
Asia Odyssey Travel is your best choice for exploring more options and planning your Xi'an culinary adventure. Contact your travel expert now to book your spots.
Where to Eat this Cuisine in Xi'an:
6. Hulu Ji: Crispy Chicken with Delicate Cooking Skills
Hulu Ji(葫芦鸡), or gourd-shaped chicken, is a famous Xi'an Cuisine known for its unique preparation and presentation. The chicken is marinated, steamed, and then deep-fried, giving it a crispy exterior while keeping the meat tender and juicy.
The name of the Xi'an Cuisine, “Hulu,” refers to the gourd-like shape the chicken takes on during cooking, which adds a touch of charm and intrigue. There are also other theories for the origin of its names.
But what really matters is the taste! Hulu Ji is savory and fragrant, with a delicate balance of spices that bring out the natural flavors of the chicken.
The crispy skin offers a satisfying crunch, while the inside remains juicy and flavorful. It's not spicy, but rich and comforting, similar to Western roasted or fried chicken dishes, yet with distinct Chinese seasonings like star anise and ginger.
Xi'an Foodie Tips:
First try it without dipping powder for the original yet rich enough flavor of the chicken, then gradually work your way up to the dipping powder for a stronger kick.
When trying Hulu Ji in Xi'an, head to a traditional restaurant or a banquet setting where it's served as part of a larger meal.
7. Hulatang: Hearty Peppery Soup, Xi'an Breakfast Classic
Hulatang(胡辣汤), also known as "peppery soup," is a beloved Xi'an Cuisine, known for its bold, spicy flavor and hearty ingredients.
Originating from the Muslim community in Xi'an, it's typically made with a base of beef or lamb broth, thickened with flour, and loaded with vegetables like potatoes, carrots, and tofu, all seasoned with a generous amount of black pepper and chili.
While it's unlike most Western soups, the closest comparison might be a spicy stew or chowder due to its thickness and heartiness.
The taste is rich and warming, with a fiery kick from the pepper that hits you immediately, which is perfect to kick-start your morning
When paired with some Xi'an local fried dough staple like Momo(馍) or Youtiao(油条), it's a perfect comfort food for colder days if you visit Xi'an on a China Winter Tour.
Xi'an Foodie Tips:
There are no special tips for this beloved Xi'an dish. If you try it for breakfast, just do as the Xi'an locals do. It's a classic 'when in Rome' experience. Just brace your self for the heat you'll be fine.
8. Youcha Mahua: Like Xi'an Cuisine Version of Savory Churros
Youcha Mahua (油茶麻花) is a beloved traditional snack in Xi'an that offers a unique culinary experience combining rich flavors and textures.
Youcha refers to a tea-like soup made from roasted flour mixed with hot water, while mahua is a fried dough twist, crispy on the outside and tender inside. Together, they create a comforting, balanced snack that's especially popular during breakfast or as a quick street-side treat.
The flavor of youcha is nutty and slightly savory, with a warm, toasty aroma. The soup of this Xi'an cuisine has a smooth, velvety texture, a bit like a Western porridge or cream-based soup. Mahua adds the perfect crunch to the soft, comforting tea soup, making the combination both interesting and satisfying.
Some compare mahua to Western churros or donuts because of its fried dough nature, but it's much less sweet, focusing more on a light, crunchy texture.
Xi'an Foodie Tips:
When trying youcha mahua in Xi'an, look for small street vendors or local tea houses where it's prepared fresh. The fried dough, Mahua, would tasty so much better when it's freshly cooked!
9. Kebab Skewer:Meat on Fire, Hard Not to Love
Kao Rou Chuan (烤肉串), or grilled kebab skewers, are a quintessential part of Xi'an's vibrant street food scene, and they're a must-try for any visitor.
These skewers are typically made with juicy chunks of lamb or beef, seasoned with a mix of spices, and then grilled to perfection. The result is a smoky, savory treat that's both flavorful and satisfying. You can't miss it when in Xi'an because you would smell the enchanting aroma from miles away!
The taste of kao rou chuan is bold and aromatic, thanks to the generous use of cumin, chili powder, and other spices. The grilling process gives the meat a deliciously crispy exterior while keeping it tender and juicy inside.
You might find some similarities to Western BBQ skewers or kebabs, but the unique spice blend and grilling style give kao rou chuan a distinctly Chinese twist.
10. Zenggao/Jinggao: Sweet Sticky Rice Dessert
Zeng Gao (甑糕) is a delightful treat that's a must-try for anyone visiting Xi'an.
This traditional steamed rice cake is known for its chewy texture and subtly sweet flavor, making it a popular choice among locals and travelers alike.
Made from glutinous rice, zeng gao is steamed in a bamboo or metal mold, giving it a soft, sticky consistency that's both satisfying and comforting. It often features fillings like red bean paste or dates, adding a hint of sweetness that complements the rice cake's rich, nutty flavor.
The texture is somewhat similar to Western sticky rice desserts or mochi, but with its own distinct taste and preparation style.
Xi'an Foodie Tips:
If you can time your visit right, you might catch it freshly made. Pair it with a cup of traditional Chinese tea for a complete snack experience
For travelers accustomed to Western-style desserts, the sticky texture might be a bit challenging to chew on. Start slowly with this Xi'an cuisine and see if you like it. If not, there are always plenty more Western-style desserts available in Xi'an.
11. Themed Dessert: Most Adorable Xi'an Treats
All the themed desserts and sweet treats you can find at various attractions in Xi'an are not just tasty bites but also visually appealing.
Here, you can find Terracotta Warrior popsicles and little cakes shaped like the Drum and Bell Tower in Xi'an. Just look at the pictures—aren't they adorable?
Whatever your favorite Xi'an attractions are, you can probably find a sweet treat version of it in Xi'an. Contact your travel expert at your best travel agency, Asia Odyssey Travel, for insider tips.
How to Plan Xi'an Trip to Experience Things Xi'an Is Known for
Now, have you found your reasons to visit Xi'an? Fantastic choice! Ancient capital, once known as Chang'an, Xi'an is a treasure trove of history, culture, and breathtaking sights.
Short and Sweet (2-3 Days):
If you're short on time, focus on the must-sees: the Terracotta Warrior, the Ancient City Wall, and the Muslim Quarter. Grab a bite of delicious street food, explore the bustling markets, and perhaps catch a Tang Dynasty show.
For the Adventurous (4-5 Days):
Want to dig deeper? Spend a few extra days exploring hidden gems like the Shaanxi History Museum and the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda. Try on a Hanfu, immerse yourself in the local culture, and truly experience Xi'an's rich heritage.
Optional Add-ons:
To extend your journey and explore more of China's diverse landscapes and cultures, consider adding these destinations to your itinerary:
Beijing: The capital city offers a blend of ancient history and modern metropolis. Visit the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, and Tiananmen Square.
Shanghai : A bustling metropolis known for its modern skyline, vibrant nightlife, and rich cultural heritage. Explore the Bund, visit the Oriental Pearl Tower, and experience the city's unique blend of East and West.
Chengdu : Home to the adorable giant pandas, Chengdu also boasts delicious Sichuan cuisine, ancient temples, and stunning natural scenery.
Tibet : Experience the breathtaking beauty of the Himalayas, visit the Potala Palace and Jokhang Temple, and immerse yourself in Tibetan culture.
Or just simply leave it all to us. Join one of our curated Chnese Food Tours and have a delightful travel with great food in Xi'an and China in general!
Guilin :Known for its picturesque landscapes, karst mountains, and the Li River cruise. Explore the ancient city of Yangshuo and enjoy stunning natural beauty.
Travel to Xi'an wit Asia Odyssey Travel
Plan your Xi'an Tour Now!
Step back in time with a visit to the world-renowned Terracotta Warriors, a UNESCO World Heritage site guarding the tomb of China's first emperor.
Centuries of glorious history: Saints, Scholars, Emperors, Empresses, Merchants, and Artists – they all left their mark on Xi'an! Why don't you? It's your turn to create legacy in Xi'an!
Walk into the Historical Charms in Xi'an: Take a leisurely walk along the ancient City Wall, or explore the bustling Muslim Quarter with its rich culinary delights. Discover the awe-inspiring Big Wild Goose Pagoda, a symbol of Xi'an's deep cultural roots, or marvel at the Bell and Drum Towers.
Your Xi'an trip is the gateway to China's incredible history and culture—start your unforgettable journey today!
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