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Longmen Grottoes (龙门石窟): No.1 Caves in China
- Location: Located on both banks of the Yi River in the southern suburbs of Luoyang, about 12.5 kilometers from the city centre.
- Opening Hours: 08:00 - 18:00
- Visit Duration: 3-4 Hours
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, September to November
When visiting Luoyang, a must-see attraction is the Longmen Grottoes. It is not only a symbol of Luoyang but also one of the world's largest and most abundant repositories of stone carving art, recognized by UNESCO as the pinnacle of Chinese stone carving art and leading among China's major grottoes.
The Longmen Grottoes were initiated in the year 493 during the Northern Wei Dynasty when Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang. Spanning from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the grottoes underwent over 400 years of sculpting, resulting in a kilometer-long stretch of caves. Presently, there are 2345 niches, over 100,000 statues, and more than 2800 inscriptions.
How to Visit Longmen Grottoes: Top Caves & Highlights
Most visitors enter the Longmen Grottoes from the Northwest Service Area. A typical tour starts with the most magnificent section, the West Hill Grottoes.
- Qianxi Temple (潜溪寺): The first large-scale cave encountered after entering the scenic area from the northwest service area. It was excavated in the mid-Tang Dynasty and primarily dedicated to Shakyamuni Buddha and his disciples.
- Bingyang Three Caves (宾阳三洞): Among the most representative royal caves of the Northern Wei period, these caves were constructed by emperors as prayer caves for their parents. Divided into three sections, the central cave, carved during the Northern Wei period, exhibits exquisite craftsmanship and houses a smiling statue of Sakyamuni Buddha. The northern cave was completed in the early Tang Dynasty, with the unique "scissor-hand" pose of the large Buddha being its hallmark. The southern cave was finished in the late Tang Dynasty.
- Wanfo Cave (万佛洞): Wanfo Cave, renowned as the Cave of Ten Thousand Buddhas, is a mesmerizing cavern embellished with myriad small Buddha statues, each standing at a height of just 0.13 feet. The cave is a treasure trove of intricately carved Buddha figures, each bearing unique designs and expressions.
- Lianhua Cave (莲花洞): Lianhua Cave, or Lotus Flower Cave, is characterized by its lotus-themed decorations and sculptures. The cave showcases intricate lotus motifs and Buddhist imagery, symbolizing purity, enlightenment, and spiritual growth.
- Fengxian Temple (奉先寺): The centerpiece of the Fengxian Temple is the colossal Vairocana Buddha, a colossal statue standing at 17.14 meters tall with a plump, round face, renowned for its serene expression and intricate details. It is considered the symbole of Longmen Grottoes.
- Yaofang Cave (药方洞): Yaofang Cave contains the earliest stone-carved medical prescriptions in China. The two corridors on either side of the cave entrance are inscribed with over 140 Tang Dynasty prescriptions, recording 40 types of diseases, 20 acupuncture therapies, and as many as 173 different types of medicinal herbs. The cave is named after these inscriptions.
- Guyang Cave (古阳洞): Guyang Cave is hailed as the "Number One Cave of Longmen Grottoes." It is the earliest excavated cave in Longmen, with the longest construction period and the richest content. Inside the cave, there are over 1,000 niches with various statues, and the elegant and clear Buddha statues have distinct characteristics of their time. It was built by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty as a meritorious cave for his grandmother, Empress Dowager Feng.
After crossing the Yi River via the Manshui Bridge, visitors can explore the East Hill Grottoes. Carved primarily during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian, the West Hill Grottoes showcase the distinctive artistic style of her era. Despite their modest size, these grottoes are renowned for their variety and thematic richness.
- Kanjing Temple (看经寺): The largest cave on the East Hill, Kanjing Temple is home to 29 towering, exquisitely carved Luohan statues.
- Erlianhua Cave (二莲花洞): This unique double cave features identical layouts and sculptures, with complete lotus flower motifs adorning the ceilings.
- Lifotai (礼佛台): This scenic platform provides the perfect vantage point to admire the majestic Vairocana Buddha opposite the river.
- Xiangshan Temple (香山寺): Situated on Xiangshan Hill, this temple, dating back to the Northern Wei Dynasty, was a favorite of Empress Wu Zetian. Though not a cave, it's an integral part of the Longmen Grottoes complex..
- Bai Garden (白园): The final resting place of the renowned Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi, Bai Garden is China's only garden dedicated to honoring his legacy.
A full tour of the Longmen Grottoes can take an entire day. However, if you're short on time, consider focusing on the highlights in West Hill Grottoes. During the warm seasons from March to October, the Longmen Grottoes open until 21:00 with an amazing light show.
Shaolin Temple (少林寺): Cradle of Chinese Kung Fu
- Location: Dengfeng City between Luoyang and Zhengzhou.
- Openning Hours: 08:00 - 18:00
- Visit Duration: 3-4 Hours
- Best Time to Visit: Year round
Shaolin Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located at the southern foot of Mount Taishi in Dengfeng City, northwest of Zhengzhou, Henan Province. It was founded in the 19th year of the Northern Wei Dynasty's Taihe era (495 AD) by Emperor Xiaowen to accommodate the Indian high monk Bodhidharma. Shaolin Temple is not only the birthplace of Chan Buddhism but also the birthplace of Chinese martial arts.
The temple's ancient and solemn architecture, enduring the test of time, remains well-preserved, evoking a deep sense of historical heritage. The Patriarch Bodhidharma once meditated facing a wall here for nine years, making it the ancestral home of Zen Buddhism. Numerous historical and cultural relics can be found within the temple, such as Emperor Li Shimin's handwritten inscription, Emperor Qianlong's plaque "Snow Seals the Heart's Jewel," and the 500 Arhats mural in the practice hall.
Things to Do in Shaolin Temple
Watch Shaolin Kung Fu Performances: Witness captivating live performances by skilled Shaolin monks showcasing various forms of Shaolin Kung Fu, including weapon routines, acrobatics, and martial arts displays.
Explore the Pagoda Forest: Wander through the Pagoda Forest, a collection of ancient stupas and pagodas where revered monks and abbots of the temple are laid to rest. Each pagoda has its unique history and significance.
Visit the Shaolin Monastery: Explore the main temple complex, including halls, courtyards, and meditation rooms, to learn about the temple's history, architecture, and its role in the development of Chan Buddhism.
Explore the Damo Cave: Visit the cave where Bodhidharma, the founder of Zen Buddhism, is said to have meditated for nine years.
Participate in a Kung Fu Class: Engage in a hands-on experience by joining a Kung Fu class or workshop at the Shaolin Temple Training Center. Learn basic Kung Fu techniques under the guidance of Shaolin masters.
Enjoy a Vegetarian Meal: Experience a traditional vegetarian meal prepared by the temple monks. Savor the simple yet flavorful dishes that are part of the monks' daily diet and learn about the importance of mindfulness in eating.
White Horse Temple (白马寺): Earliest Buddhist Temple in China
- Location: Northeast of Luoyang city, approximately 16 kilometers away from the old city.
- Openning Hours: 08:00 - 18:00
- Visit Duration: 1-2 Hours
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, September to November
Founded in 68 AD during the Eastern Han Dynasty, White Horse Temple is the first officially established Buddhist temple in China. According to legend, the temple was named after a white horse that carried Buddhist scriptures from India to China, symbolizing the introduction of Buddhism to the country. Covering an area of 133,000 square meters, the temple comprises three parts: the Tomb of Di Renjie, the temple complex, and the World Buddhist Temple Expo Area. The temple complex boasts an ancient and elegant architectural style, and it remains a popular place of worship. It's an excellent spot to learn about Buddhist culture and experience the solemnity of an ancient temple.
Highlights in White Horse Temple
- Gate: The Gate of the White Horse Temple is a monumental archway inscribed with the characters "White Horse Temple," displaying grandeur and magnificence.
- Hall of the Heavenly Kings: Inside this hall, the Four Heavenly Kings and Maitreya Buddha are enshrined. The large incense burner in front of the hall burns incense year-round, creating a sacred atmosphere of Buddhism.
- Main Hall (Daxiong Hall): This is one of the main buildings of the White Horse Temple, housing Buddha statues with a unique architectural style and exquisite carvings.
- Thai Buddha Hall: Modeled after the Grand Palace and Wat Phra Kaew in Bangkok, exuding a magnificent and resplendent appearance.
- Burmese Buddha Hall: The main structure features a large golden stupa modeled after the Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, with statues of dragons and snakes guarding the Buddha in front of the hall.
- Indian Buddha Hall: Replicating the Sanchi Stupa, a representative of Indian Buddhism, with a dome structure symbolizing the essence of Buddhism's place of origin.
- Qiyun Pagoda Courtyard: Appreciate the Qiyun Pagoda built in the Jin Dynasty, experiencing the charm of ancient relics and the weight of history.
- Qingliang Terrace: Stroll through the summer resort of Emperor Han Ming Liu Zhuang, feeling the vicissitudes of history and the cultural charm.
Luoyang Old Town (洛阳老城): The Most Lively Neighborhood in Luoyang
- Location: In central part of Luoyang City, the core area is from Lijing Gate to Gulou
- Openning Hours: 06:00 - 23:00
- Visit Duration: 2-3 Hours
- Best Time to Visit: Year Round
Luoyang Old City is the historic heart of Luoyang, offering a glimpse into the city's rich cultural and architectural heritage. As one of China’s ancient capitals, Luoyang served as a political, economic, and cultural center for more than 13 dynasties. The old city area is full of traditional Chinese architecture, bustling markets, and narrow alleyways. It offers a charming blend of ancient culture and modern life.Visiting Luoyang Old Town provides a glimpse into the city's past and offers a blend of historical sites, cultural experiences, and traditional charm that make it a captivating destination for tourists and history enthusiasts.
Things to Do in Luoyang Old Town
- Explore cultural sites in Luoyang Ancient City
- Lijing Gate (丽景门): One of the most significant landmarks in the Old City, Lijing Gate is an ancient city gate dating back to the Tang Dynasty. It is often regarded as a symbol of Luoyang’s glorious past.
- Luoyi Ancient City (洛邑古城): Luoyi Ancient City features protected buildings from various historical periods, with its nighttime views exuding a unique charm, making it an excellent choice for strolling through ancient streets and enjoying the night scenery.
- Yingtian Gate (应天门): Yingtian Gate is the southern gate of the imperial city in the Sui and Tang dynasties in Luoyang. Its architectural style reflects the emperor's status and position. The brilliant nighttime lights recreate the glory of the Tang Dynasty, offering a great place to learn about history and take photos.
- Hall of Brilliance and Heaven (明堂天堂): The Hall of Brilliance was Wu Zetian's political palace, while the Heaven was her Buddhist hall. Here, the splendor and magnificence of the Wu Zhou Dynasty are showcased, making it an important site to understand history and culture.
- Jiuzhou Pond (九州池): Jiuzhou Pond is best visited at night, with a spectacular light show that makes it a great place to admire the night scenery.
Shop and Dine in the Ancient Street
The winding streets and narrow alleys in the old city preserve the traditional layout of ancient Luoyang. As you wander, you'll encounter old-style courtyard houses, small shops, and teahouses that offer a sense of the city’s historical atmosphere. Explore markets selling traditional handicrafts, antiques, and souvenirs. Sample traditional Luoyang dishes such as Water Banquet (a unique, elaborate banquet of 24 dishes served with soup), Luoyang Soup Dumplings, and Guan Tang Bao.
Enjoy the Nightlife in Luoyang Old Town
For a romantic or relaxing evening, take a leisurely evening stroll through the Old Town to soak in the ambiance and charm of the historic area. The scenic views at night, with the illuminated ancient city walls and Lijing Gate, create a beautiful backdrop for a peaceful stroll. The night markets in Luoyang Old Town come alive after sunset, offering a delightful mix of local delicacies, street snacks, and souvenirs. The vibrant food stalls and buzzing atmosphere make it a great way to experience the city's lively energy after dark.
Luoyang Museum (洛阳博物馆): Explore Luoyang's 4,000-Year History
- Openning Hours: 09:00 - 17:00 (Closed on Monday)
- Visit Duration: 2 Hours
- Guided Tours: Audio guides are available in English, which can enhance your understanding of the exhibits.
- Best Time to Visit: The museum is usually less crowded on weekdays, especially in the mornings, making it a great time for a more peaceful experience.
Luoyang Museum is the best place to learn about the history and culture of Luoyang. Located in the city center, south of the Luo River, you can take Metro Line 2 to Wenbo Park and walk for about 10 minutes to reach the museum. It’s a comprehensive museum that spans over 4,000 years of history, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of Luoyang as one of China’s ancient capitals.
Luoyang Museum has two floors and over 10 exhibition halls. Among them, the more important and worth-visiting exhibitions include the He Luo Civilization Hall (河洛文明展馆) and the Stone Carvings Hall (石刻展馆) on the first floor, as well as the Treasure Hall (珍宝馆), Han and Tang Dynasty Pottery Figurines Hall (汉唐陶俑馆), Tang Tri-Colored Glazed Pottery Hall (唐三彩馆), and Palace Artifacts Hall (宫廷文物馆) on the second floor.
Must-See Exhibits at Luoyang Museum
- Clay Human Face (泥塑佛面像): A Northern Wei Dynasty piece that showcases the beauty of imperfection. This clay sculpture, transformed into a ceramic piece by the intense heat of a temple fire, exhibits a serene expression, symbolizing rebirth and transcendence.
- Wei Jin White Jade Cup (魏晋白玉杯) : This white jade cup, excavated in 1956 from a tomb dating back to the 8th year of the Zhengshi era of the Wei Dynasty, is a masterpiece of Hetian jade craftsmanship. Its smooth lines and intricate carvings are truly remarkable.
- Bronze Fang Ding with Animal Mask Patterns (兽面纹铜方鼎): Excavated in 1977, this bronze fang ding, dating back to the Western Zhou Dynasty, is adorned with intricate cloud and thunder patterns and animal mask motifs. Its exquisite craftsmanship is a testament to the skills of ancient Chinese bronze workers.
- Tang Dynasty Black Glazed Pottery Horse (唐三彩黑釉马): Excavated in 1972, this black glazed pottery horse is a rare example of Tang Dynasty black glazed ceramics. Tang Tri-Colored Glazed Pottery is renowned for its vibrant colors and lifelike figures. The black glazed horse is a departure from the more common tri-color glazed pieces and is a testament to the versatility of Tang ceramic artists.
- Stone Beast Pixie(石辟邪): Excavated in 1992, this stone Beast with eight of 190cm, length of 297cm, width of 90cm, dating back to the Eastern Han Dynasty, is the largest of its kind ever discovered. Pixies were mythical creatures often used as guardians in ancient Chinese architecture.
- Golden Nanmu Buddha Tower (金丝楠木佛塔): Originally housed in the Cining Palace of the Forbidden City, this six-meter-tall, four-ton golden nanmu Buddha tower is an awe-inspiring sight. It contains 304 gilded statues of Amitabha Buddha. Nanmu is a type of Chinese cypress that was highly prized for its durability and beautiful grain. This Buddha tower is a magnificent example of imperial craftsmanship and religious devotion.
Other Museums Worth Visiting in Luoyang
Luoyang Ancient Tombs Museum (洛阳古墓博物馆): This museum focuses on the ancient tombs of the Luoyang area, showcasing funerary artifacts, jade burial items, and the historical significance of tombs from the Eastern Zhou (1046 BC - 771 BC), Han(202 BC - 220 AD), and Tang Dynasties (618 AD - 907 AD).
Emperor’s Chariot Museum (天子驾六博物馆): This museum is dedicated to the "Chariot of the Emperor" from the Han Dynasty (202 BC - 220 AD). It showcases the royal chariot and related artifacts, emphasizing the historical and ceremonial importance of the emperor’s vehicle in ancient China.
Erlihoushan (Erli Head) Museum (二里头博物馆): The Erlihou site is the discovery of an ancient Xia Dynasty (2070 BC - 1600 BC) city, believed to be the home of the first Chinese emperor. This museum features relics from the Xia era, including bronze artifacts, jade carvings, and pottery that provide clues about the beginnings of Chinese civilization.
Luoyang Peony Festival (洛阳牡丹花文化节): Enjoy Spring Feast
- Best Time to Visit: Mid-April
The peony, renowned as China's national flower, is celebrated for its opulent beauty and rich cultural significance. When in bloom, its blossoms are a sight to behold, symbolizing prosperity, good fortune, and imperial grandeur. Luoyang, a city in central China, is particularly famous for its peonies and has been hailed as the "Peony Capital of China" for centuries.
A popular legend tells of a time when Empress Wu Zetian, during the Tang Dynasty, ordered all flowers to bloom in the dead of winter. While most flowers obeyed her command, the peony refused. As punishment, she exiled the peony to Luoyang. Despite the harsh treatment, the peony thrived in its new home, blooming more beautifully than ever. Infuriated, the Empress ordered the peony to be burned, but to no avail. The peony's roots survived, and the following year, it bloomed even more vibrantly, earning it the title of "Burned Bone Peony." This legend highlights the peony's resilience and its special connection to Luoyang.
Where Can I Enjoy Peony Flower in Luoyang?
Wangcheng Park: As the original venue for the Peony Festival, Wangcheng Park is a comprehensive park that combines a peony garden, amusement park, and a zoo.
- Address: Intersection of Zhongzhou Middle Road and Wangcheng Avenue, Luoyang
- Flowering Period: April 1st - April 10th
Sui and Tang Relics Botanical Garden: This expansive botanical garden is home to a unique variety of peony - the Silver Thread Top Peony. Its large size and the rarity of this specific peony make it a must-see for any peony enthusiast.
- Address: Wangcheng Avenue, Luolong District, Luoyang
- Flowering Period: April 1st - April 15th
China National Peony Garden: This is the largest dedicated peony garden in China, boasting a vast collection of rare and exotic varieties. Plan to spend at least half a day exploring its extensive grounds.
- Address: No. 1 Longmen Avenue, Luoyang (South of Luoyang Bridge)
- Flowering Period: April 1st - April 10th
Shenzhou Peony Garden: With its indoor peony garden, Shenzhou Peony Garden offers an earlier blooming period. The peonies are primarily located in the Chinese Painting Terrace and the Fine Viewing Area.
- Address: No. 3 Luobai Road, Luolong District, Luoyang
- Flowering Period: April 5th - April 15th
National Peony Garden: As a dedicated peony breeding base, this garden features a wide variety of peony cultivars and is only open to the public during the Peony Festival.
- Address: 1500 meters west of the intersection of Wangcheng Avenue and National Highway 310, Luoyang
- Flowering Period: April 5th - April 15th
International Peony Garden: Located in the northern suburbs, this garden offers a later blooming period due to cooler temperatures. It comprises six distinct areas and showcases a variety of international peony cultivars.
- Address: No. 1 Airport Road, Old City District, Luoyang
- Flowering Period: April 5th - April 25th
How to Plan a Luoyang Tour with Top Attractions?
For international travelers looking to explore the essence of Luoyang's culture and history, a 2-3 day trip can provide a meaningful and insightful experience. Here is a suggested itinerary that can help you make the most of your time in Luoyang.
Day 1: Luoyang Arrival
Arrive in Luoyang Longmen Railway Station or Luoyang Beijiao Airport. Our tour guide will pick you up to hotel and assist you with checking into your hotel. The rest of the day is yours to explore Luoyang at your leisure. You can explore a local street to taste Luoyang cuisine, relax at a traditional teahouse or take a leisurely stroll through a park to soak in the local atmosphere.
Day 2:Cultural Immersion
Visit the Shaolin Temple to witness martial arts demonstrations and explore the birthplace of Chinese Kung Fu. After half-day exploration, drive back to Luoyang for the vibrant night market in Luoyang Old Town, visiting local markets, and sample traditional cuisine.
Day 3: Historical Exploration
Head to the Longmen Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its thousands of intricate Buddhist statues and carvings. In the afternoon, explore the Luoyang Museum to learn about the city's history, culture, and archaeological discoveries.
Tips for a Short Trip in Luoyang
Plan Ahead: Research attractions and prioritize must-see sites based on your interests.
Local Guide: Consider hiring a local guide for in-depth insights and cultural context. Contact us, we’ll set an professional consult to offer a more detailed plan.
While a 2-3 day trip may not allow for an exhaustive exploration of all that Luoyang has to offer, it can certainly provide a condensed yet enriching experience that captures the essence of the city's culture, history, and traditions.
Explore Luoyang’ Glory with Asia Odyssey Travel
Asia Odyssey Travel is your trusted partner for discovering the timeless allure of Luoyang, one of China’s most historic cities. Our specialized tours offer an immersive experience into Luoyang’s rich cultural heritage, with professional English-speaking guides who bring its fascinating history to life. Whether you wish to delve into the majesty of the Longmen Grottoes, walk through the tranquil White Horse Temple, or explore other captivating attractions, our tailored itineraries ensure a memorable journey.
- Our Henan Tour Packages Include: Luoyang Tours, Henan Tours, Shaolin Temple Tours, Zhengzhou Tours
- Our meticulously crafted Henan travel maps include: Luoyang Tourist Map, Shaolin Temple Map, Zhengzhou City Map, Henan Province Map
- Our wealthy Henan travel information include: Luoyang Attractions, Henan Attractions, Best Time to Visit Luoyang, Luoyang to Shaolin Tempel, Zhengzhou to Luoyang Temple, Beijing to Luoyang Train, Xian to Luoyang Train
Let us guide you on an unforgettable odyssey through the heart of China's cultural heritage in Henan.
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